The issue arises if the delta and the full cumulative update for October (KB4041691 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4041691) was installed same time. Those was released last week and if you configured your internal WSUS to automatically approve you will see this issue -> https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4049094/windows-devices-may-fail-to-boot-after-installing-october-10-version-o
After installing this update you probably broke your machine with stop code: INACCESSIBLE BOOT DEVICE
let's calm down 
from my experience we could fix all instances with below procedure and do not attempt to run "automatic repair" in that case
Let's boot into 'Troubleshooting' and open our lovely good old command prompt
Microsoft Support advises to get rid of the SessionsPending reg key. Let's load the software registry hive:
reg load hklmtemp c:windowssystem32configsoftware
Delete the SessionsPending registry key (if exists):
reg delete "HKLMtempMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionComponent Based ServicingSessionsPending"/v Exclusive
Unload the software registry hive:
reg unload HKLMtemp
now lets pullout with DISM.exe the list of installed packages
Checkout the ones which are state "Install Pending" as one of those was causing the issues
We need to create first a temporary directory where we can move the updates to
MKDIR C:temppackages
Now we can remove the "pending" package with the DISM command
dism /image:c: /remove-package /packagename:PACKAGEIDENTITYNAME /scratchdir:c:temppackages
Reboot your VM and it will reboot again and you can run Windows update afterwards as the faulty update was already corrected
Official Microsoft KB: